Charge Controllers
A charge controller limits the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from the batteries. It prevents overcharging and overvoltage, which can reduce battery performance or lifespan, and may pose a safety risk. It also prevents completely draining a battery, or perform controlled discharges, depending on the battery technology, to protect battery life.
Charge controllers are necessary for all stand-alone system (off-grid system) or a bimodal system. A bimodal system is a photovoltaic system that can operate in either utility-interactive or stand-alone mode and uses battery storage. A utility-interactive system is a photovoltaic system connected and operating in parallel with the electric utility grid. A stand-alone operates autonomously and supplies power to electrical loads independently of the electrical utility grid.
With battery storage, a bimodal system generates its own voltage waveform, as a result your photovoltaic system will continue to generate power even when the utility grid is down.
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